前 言
Preface
使用对象
本教材原则上适用于不同日语学习背景的学习者，既可供已有一定基础者使用，也可作为零基础学习者的入门教材。对于已具备基本发音与词汇认知的学习者而言，可较为顺利地独立使用本教材进行学习；而对于尚未系统掌握日语发音、对语音规律不够熟悉的初学者，建议将本教材与清华大学学堂在线平台慕课“实用日语会话(Practical Japanese Conversation)”配套使用，以打好语音基础，提高学习效果。
Target Audience
This textbook is,in principle,intended for learners with diverse backgrounds in Japanese,and can be used both by those with prior knowledge and by beginners with no formal training.Learners who have already possessed basic knowledge of Japanese pronunciation and vocabulary will be able to use the textbook independently with relative ease.For beginners who are not yet familiar with Japanese pronunciation or phonological patterns,it is recommended that this textbook be used in conjunction with the Massive Open Online Course(MOOC)“Practical Japanese Conversation”available on Tsinghua University's Xuetang X platform,in order to establish a solid foundation in pronunciation and improve overall learning effectiveness.
教材特点
《实用日语会话：汉英双解版》以清华大学学堂在线慕课“实用日语会话(PracticalJapanese Conversation)”为基础进行系统整理与拓展。该课程面向希望了解日本社会生活、掌握日常交流所需表达方式的学习者，在教授语言的同时，注重介绍日本公共设施的使用方法及相关生活常识，强调语言学习与实际生活的结合。
首先，在教学理念与呈现方式上，本教材对传统口语教材的编写模式进行了探索与调整。本教材不对语法体系进行系统性讲解，而是在必要时从形式层面对相关现象作简要说明，将教学重点放在语言的实际表达与使用情境上。鉴于日语口语中语法规则的适用性相对有限，过度强调语法分析往往会削弱学习者对语言整体语感的把握，从而影响口语习得的效率。
其次，本教材在内容选取上不刻意区分初级、中级或高级表达，而是将不同难度层级的表达形式并置呈现。这一做法参考了母语习得的过程：对于母语使用者而言，语言并非以语法概念为中心习得，也不存在明确的难度分级，而是在具体情境中通过感知、模仿与使用逐渐掌握，并根据自身需要选择优先记忆的表达方式。基于这一理念，本教材在语言表述上尽量避免过度专业化的说明，力求通俗、直观、易于理解。
再次，在学习方式上，建议学习者结合慕课视频，先以听辨语音、反复朗读为主，通过模仿与重复形成初步记忆，而不必急于探究语法原理；在此基础上，再逐步理解相关语言规则。同时，在介绍部分中高级日语表达时，教材适当加入对相似表达的对比说明，以及商务场合中常见表达特点的简要提示，以帮助已有一定基础的学习者进一步加深对日语语言特性的认识。
Features of the Textbook
Practical Japanese Conversation:Chinese-English Bilingual Edition is systematically developed on the basis of the MOOC“Practical Japanese Conversation”offered on Tsinghua University's XuetangX platform.The course is designed for learners who wish to gain an understanding of everyday life in Japan and to acquire the expressions necessary for daily communication.In addition to language instruction,it places particular emphasis on practical knowledge related to the use of public facilities and everyday services in Japan,highlighting the close connection between language learning and real-life situations.
First,in terms of pedagogical philosophy and presentation,this textbook represents an exploration beyond conventional approaches to spoken language instruction.It does not provide a comprehensive or systematic explanation of grammatical structures.Instead,grammatical phenomena are introduced only when necessary and from a formal perspective,with the primary focus placed on actual language use and concrete expressions.Given that grammatical rules have limited applicability in spoken Japanese,excessive attention to grammatical analysis may hinder learners' intuitive grasp of the language and thus reduce the efficiency of oral communication learning.
Second,the textbook does not deliberately distinguish between beginner-,intermediate-, or advanced-level expressions.Rather,expressions of varying levels of complexity are presented side by side.This approach is inspired by the process of first-language acquisition,in which language is not learned through explicit grammatical concepts,nor divided into hierarchical levels of difficulty.Instead it is gradually acquired through perception and use in context,with learners naturally selecting which expressions to internalize first according to their communicative needs and interests.In line with this philosophy,the textbook avoids overly technical explanations and strives to present the language in a clear, accessible, and intuitive manner.
Third,with regard to learning strategies,learners are encouraged to make use of the accompanying MOOC videos by first focusing on listening to pronunciation and repeatedly reading aloud to reinforce memory,without initially concentrating on grammatical reasoning.After gaining familiarity with the expressions,learners may then proceed to explore the underlying grammatical patterns.In addition,when introducing intermediate-and advanced-level expressions,the textbook incorporates comparative explanations of similar linguistic phenomena and brief notes on features of business-related language,with the aim of helping learners who have already had some foundation gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of Japanese.
内容安排
本教材以日本日常生活中高频出现的交流场景为基本教学单元，每一课围绕一个具体场景展开，如问路、乘坐电车、用餐、物品的空间方位表达、便利店及邮局等；通过情境化设置，引导学习者在接近真实语境的条件下理解和掌握日语口语表达。
每一课均按照从“理解语境”到“掌握表达”,再到“知识拓展”的学习路径，分为以下四个部分：
第一部分“对话”为场景实景对话，通过完整呈现自然发生的会话，引导学习者整体
把握语境、人物关系及交流目的。
第二部分“浅易讲解”为实景对话讲解，在不拆解原句结构的前提下，对对话中各词
汇及助词的含义进行中英文对应标注，帮助学习者在保持原句整体性的同时理解其具体含义。
第三部分“要点讲解”为重点表达与相关知识点解析，从对话中抽取具有代表性的表
达形式与语言要点进行系统说明，并辅以例句，加深理解与记忆。
第四部分“问题解答”为场景延伸与知识拓展，采用问答形式，对该场景中可能涉及
的其他相关表达、使用注意事项及背景知识进行补充说明。
Content Organization
This textbook is structured around communication scenarios that frequently occur in everyday life in Japan,with each lesson centered on a specific situation,such as asking for directions,taking trains,dining,expressing spatial relationships of objects,and interactions in places such as convenience stores and post offices.Through a situational approach,learners are guided to understand and acquire spoken Japanese expressions in contexts that closely approximate real-life communication.
Each lesson follows a learning progression from understanding the context, to mastering expressions,and then to knowledge expansion,and is organized into the following four sections:
The first section presents authentic situational dialogues,in which naturally occurring conversations are provided in full,enabling learners to grasp the overall context,interpersonal relationships,and communicative purposes involved.
The second section offers explanations of the situational dialogues.Without breaking down the original sentence structure,the meanings of words and particles in the dialogues are annotated with corresponding explanations in both Chinese and English,helping learners understand the specific meanings while preserving the integrity of the original expressions.
The third section focuses on key expressions and related linguistic points, extracting representative expressions and language features from the dialogues for systematic explanation,accompanied by example sentences to reinforce understanding and retention.
The fourth section provides scenario-based extensions and knowledge expansion,using a question-and-answer format to supplement additional relevant expressions,notes on usage,and
background information that may arise in the given communicative context.
访问课程视频
本课程视频可通过以下方式观看学习：
(1)清华大学学堂在线：进入学堂在线官网(https://www.xuetangx.com),搜索中文版“实用日语会话”或英文版“Practical Japanese Conversation”。
(2)edX慕课平台：进入官网(https://www.edx.org),搜索中文版“实用日语会话”或英文版“Practical Japanese Conversation”。
(3)扫描本书末页二维码。
Access to the Course Videos
The video materials for this course can be accessed and studied through the following channels:
(1)Tsinghua University's XuetangX platform:Visit the XuetangX official website (https://www.xuetangx.com)and search for the Chinese-language course "Practical Japanese Conversation"or the English-language version “Practical Japanese Conversation”.
(2)edX MOOC platform:Visit the official edX website (https://www.edx.org)and search for the Chinese-language course “Practical Japanese Conversation”or the English-language version“Practical Japanese Conversation”.
(3)QR code:Scan the QR code provided on the final page of this book to access the course videos directly.
鸣谢
本教材的编写与完成，得到多方单位与个人的专业支持与协助，特此说明。以下单位为相关对话内容提供了实地拍摄场景，并参与了对话的实际演示与表演：报德博物馆，公益财团法人，报德福运社，日本邮政株式会社东海分店，日本静冈县掛川市土方邮局，株式会社日本全家便利店企业传讯部和企业规划部，横滨鹤见大学图书馆。此外，清华大学美术学院毕业生陈遐龄负责完成了本教材插图及封面的设计与绘制工作。谨在此致以诚挚的感谢。
Acknowledgements
The compilation and completion of this textbook were made possible with the professional support and assistance of multiple institutions and individuals,which are hereby acknowledged.The following institutions provided on-site settings for the dialogue content included in this textbook and participated in the actual performance and demonstration of the dialogues.They are:Hotoku Museum;Public Interest Incorporated Foundation; Hotoku Fkuunsha;Japan Post Co.,Ltd.,Tokai Regional Office; Hijikata Post Office, Kakegawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture,Japan Corporate Communications Department,Corporate Planning Division Family Mart Co.Ltd.;Yokohama Tsurumi University Library.In addition,Xialing Chen,a graduate of the Academy of Arts and Design,Tsinghua University,was responsible for the design and illustration of the textbook's interior artwork and cover.Sincere appreciation is hereby extended.
