目 录
第1部分 基 础 知 识
第1章 运行环境和开发环境...........................................................3
1.1 Python语言简介 ................................................................................3
1.1.1 程序设计语言简介 ................................................................4
1.1.2 Python语言 ............................................................................5
1.2 运行环境 ............................................................................................7
1.2.1 硬件运行环境 ........................................................................7
1.2.2 软件运行环境 ........................................................................8
1.3 开发环境 ..........................................................................................11
1.4 运行Python程序 .............................................................................16
1.4.1 从终端运行程序 ..................................................................16
1.4.2 从PyCharm运行程序 .........................................................18
1.5 实践训练 ..........................................................................................20
第2章 建立项目.............................................................................22
2.1 创建项目 ..........................................................................................22
2.1.1 在PyCharm中创建项目 .....................................................23
2.1.2 常见问题 ..............................................................................26
2.2 程序的灵魂——算法 ......................................................................27
2.2.1 算法概念理解 ......................................................................28
2.2.2 常用算法举例 ......................................................................28
2.2.3 算法评价 ..............................................................................30
2.3 流程图和三种基本结构 ..................................................................31
2.3.1 流程图 ..................................................................................31
2.3.2 三种基本结构 ......................................................................31
2.3.3 流程图举例 ..........................................................................33
2.4 实践训练 ..........................................................................................36
第3章 开发基础.............................................................................38
3.1 标识符和输入/输出 .......................................................................38
3.1.1 标识符 ..................................................................................39
3.1.2 输入/输出函数 ...................................................................43
3.2 数据类型和运算符 ..........................................................................45
3.2.1 数据类型 .........................................................................................................46
3.2.2 数据类型转换 .................................................................................................47
3.2.3 运算符 .............................................................................................................48
3.3 字符串 .........................................................................................................................50
3.3.1 字符串的定义 .................................................................................................51
3.3.2 转义字符 .........................................................................................................52
3.3.3 字符串格式化 .................................................................................................53
3.3.4 字符串运算符 .................................................................................................55
3.4 列表 .............................................................................................................................55
3.4.1 列表的创建 .....................................................................................................56
3.4.2 列表的访问 .....................................................................................................57
3.4.3 列表元素的操作 .............................................................................................58
3.4.4 列表训练 .........................................................................................................66
3.5 元组 .............................................................................................................................68
3.5.1 元组的定义 .....................................................................................................68
3.5.2 元组的创建 .....................................................................................................69
3.5.3 元组的访问 .....................................................................................................70
3.5.4 元组的遍历 .....................................................................................................71
3.5.5 修改元组 .........................................................................................................72
3.5.6 删除元组 .........................................................................................................72
3.6 字典 .............................................................................................................................72
3.6.1 字典的定义 .....................................................................................................73
3.6.2 字典的创建 .....................................................................................................74
3.6.3 字典的访问 .....................................................................................................74
3.6.4 字典的遍历 .....................................................................................................75
3.6.5 字典元素的修改 .............................................................................................76
3.6.6 删除字典 .........................................................................................................76
3.7 实践训练 .....................................................................................................................77
第4章 程序结构.....................................................................................................79
4.1 顺序结构 .....................................................................................................................79
4.2 选择结构 .....................................................................................................................80
4.2.1 选择结构流程图 .............................................................................................82
4.2.2 条件表达式 .....................................................................................................82
4.2.3 if语句 ..............................................................................................................84
4.2.4 选择结构嵌套 .................................................................................................88
4.2.5 条件运算符构成的选择结构 .........................................................................91
4.2.6 选择结构的应用 .............................................................................................92
4.3 循环结构 .....................................................................................................................97
4.3.1 循环结构的流程图 .........................................................................................97
4.3.2 while语句 .......................................................................................................98
4.3.3 for语句 ............................................................................................................99
4.3.4 break语句和continue语句 ..........................................................................100
4.3.5 循环结构嵌套与算法效率 ...........................................................................103
4.3.6 循环结构的应用 ...........................................................................................105
4.4 实践训练 ...................................................................................................................109
第5章 函数...........................................................................................................111
5.1 函数的定义和调用 ...................................................................................................111
5.1.1 函数的定义 ...................................................................................................112
5.1.2 函数的调用 ...................................................................................................112
5.2 函数的参数 ...............................................................................................................113
5.2.1 参数的类型和形式 .......................................................................................113
5.2.2 函数的返回值 ...............................................................................................118
5.3 嵌套和递归 ...............................................................................................................119
5.3.1 函数的嵌套调用 ...........................................................................................119
5.3.2 函数的递归调用 ...........................................................................................120
5.4 变量的作用域 ...........................................................................................................121
5.4.1 局部变量 .......................................................................................................121
5.4.2 全局变量 .......................................................................................................122
5.5 常用的内置函数和标准库函数 ...............................................................................124
5.5.1 内置函数 .......................................................................................................124
5.5.2 标准库函数 ...................................................................................................127
5.6 实践训练 ...................................................................................................................129
第6章 开发进阶...................................................................................................131
6.1 班级出勤统计 ...........................................................................................................131
6.1.1 Matplotlib工具包 .........................................................................................132
6.1.2 绘制曲线图 ...................................................................................................134
6.1.3 绘制散点图 ...................................................................................................136
6.1.4 绘制柱状图 ...................................................................................................137
6.1.5 绘制直方图 ...................................................................................................138
6.2 学生学籍管理 ...........................................................................................................140
6.2.1 面向对象编程基础 .......................................................................................142
6.2.2 面向对象编程应用 .......................................................................................148
6.2.3 面向对象编程拓展 .......................................................................................155
6.3 实践训练 ...................................................................................................................159
第2部分 综 合 实 训
综合实训1 课堂电子考勤软件............................................................................163
任务7.1 填写项目确认单 ..............................................................................................163
任务7.2 环境搭建 ..........................................................................................................165
任务7.3 界面设计 ..........................................................................................................171
任务7.4 功能设计 ..........................................................................................................177
任务7.5 测试 ..................................................................................................................181
任务7.6 验收 ..................................................................................................................185
综合实训2 智能翻译软件....................................................................................188
任务8.1 填写项目确认单 ..............................................................................................188
任务8.2 环境搭建 ..........................................................................................................189
任务8.3 界面设计 ..........................................................................................................195
任务8.4 功能设计 ..........................................................................................................197
任务8.5 测试 ..................................................................................................................204
任务8.6 验收 ..................................................................................................................206
综合实训3 AI手写数字识别软件 ......................................................................208
任务9.1 填写项目确认单 ..............................................................................................208
任务9.2 环境搭建 ..........................................................................................................209
任务9.3 界面设计 ..........................................................................................................211
任务9.4 功能设计 ..........................................................................................................214
任务9.5 测试 ..................................................................................................................223
任务9.6 验收 ..................................................................................................................224
综合实训4 高数问题求解软件............................................................................226
任务10.1 填写项目确认单 ............................................................................................226
任务10.2 环境搭建 ........................................................................................................227
任务10.3 界面设计 ........................................................................................................230
任务10.4 功能设计 ........................................................................................................233
任务10.5 测试 ................................................................................................................245
任务10.6 验收 ................................................................................................................246
参考文献...................................................................................................................248
